Estella free essay sample

Estella, with her long brown hair and her beautiful complex was admired by many. While she was perceived as a beautiful young woman by Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham’s adopted daughter in the novel Great Expectations, was cold hearted due to Miss Havisham’s broken heart, not of her choosing. Estella, Pip’s love interest, shows her cold- heartedness both as a young girl and young woman. Estella stated â€Å"You must know that I have no heart† (Dickens ) to Pip the first time they met, revealing her cruel nature. In many cases Estella manipulates boys’ minds leaving them confused and defenseless. For example when she kisses Pip on one of their first visits, Pip’s love towards her grows. However, Estella continues to be cruel towards him by acting as if the kiss was meaningless. As she grows older Estella’s cruelty continues towards Pip, and right when Pip thought he might have had a chance, Estella was already married. We will write a custom essay sample on Estella or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Estella’s wicked ways towards Pip proves she is cold-hearted, but instead of running away he continues to be utterly in love with her. This hard heart was not inborn but instead it was developed from a young age. Estella is cruel and she was raised to be this way. Prior to her wedding, broken-hearted Miss Havisham adopted Estella. And the older Estella grew, the more she was taught to despise those of the opposite gender. For example when Pip had come over to play cards with Estella, Miss Havisham whispered into Eestellas ear to break his heart. As the same message to be cruel carried on throughout her childhood, it no longer was what she needed to act as, but it was what she had become. Estella’s appearances may fool people but her cruelness overpowers her beauty in many ways. Although she may not have chosen to be this way, her cold- hearted thoughts and comments still hurt the people that love her, especially Pip. Estella may be kind at times but overall she is cold-hearted and very cruel to most people, leaving her despised by most.

You Know Youve Been in College Too Long When...

You Know Youve Been in College Too Long When... You Know Youve Been in College Too Long When For all juniors and seniors out there Let us know what youd add to this list! You get a Christmas card from the local burger joint. Oh man. If you are getting enough takeaways to get a greetings card, you really need to learn to cook! You know the  names of more characters on Orange is the New Black  than the professors on your course. Hmmm time to switch off the TV and get some studying done? You eat cereal for lunch and dinner several times a week. Yeah, I know its hard to eat properly- but try learning how to make a few  simple dishes You regularly see the sun come up at the end of a night out. One day you might get to see the dawn at the beginning of your day, rather than at the end! Your mealtimes are midday, 4pm and 10pm. Hey, whatever as long as you eat regularly! You cant believe how young the freshmen look. Seriously, are these kids even allowed to be out on their own? Your closet is full of fancy dress and your daily uniform is your pajamas. Party, sleep, chill out. Its a full life when youre at college! Your fridge has more mold in it than food. Gross. Clean it out. Now. Your weekend starts  Thursday and ends  Monday night. Enjoy it while it lasts!

Methods of Analysis in Health Care Research Paper

Methods of Analysis in Health Care - Research Paper Example Horizontal analysis informs about how different items in the balance sheet and income statement behave in many years. This particular type of analysis reveals how the performance of the firm has been affected over the years due to environmental factors. This analysis is also important information regarding cyclical demand trends and helps understand fluctuations of demand for a firm. This particular analysis can be used in health care industry to understand reasons of increasing costs over many years. Through this analysis one can know the main areas due to which health care costs is increasing. Horizontal analysis will tell which elements have contributed to the increase in costs and which have remained fairly constant over many years or accounting periods. Vertical analysis is a form of financial analysis in which elements of financial statements are presented in a percentage form of total elements (Haber, 2004). This type of analysis presents all information of a particular account, for example liabilities, in percentage form of the total value of that particular account or element. Vertical analysis focuses on proportions and attempts to guide decision making based on how much weight or proportion a particular element in the balance sheet has. Through this analysis, firms can know easily what proportion of a particular asset, like cash or receivables, is present in the total assets of the company. This analysis can guide decision making by highlighting which areas have are important for the firm and which are not. Vertical analysis can be used in health care by managers to understand the nature of their debt. This analysis can tell managers regarding how much debt is due in the short term and how much is due later. Ratio analysis involves analyzing different aspects of a business including efficiency, leverage, debt, profitability etc (Siddiqui, 2006). This type of analysis focuses on the relationships between different factors

Interpersonal Commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interpersonal Commitment - Essay Example I worked in an organization a few years ago as an administrative assistant for a firm in the financial services industry. My job duties included satisfying the needs of a staff of 50 employees. Since I had the opportunity to interact with a lot of people in the firm doing work-related tasks I had the chance to observe the behavior of the employees and how they interacted with each other in formal and informal settings. In this company employees were entitled to a 15-minute break every two hours, thus socialization among employees manifested itself lively. The first social rule I learn from my colleagues was to limit social interaction outside of work and during breaks with the managerial staff. My co-workers told me from the start that nothing good could come out of it. The rule was flexible and when the bosses would joke around with us we would treat them as friends. The second week after I started with this company I was invited to a lunch at a restaurant with a group of eight colleagues including the general manager. I was told later that this treat was an initiation tradition every new employee would enjoy and the boss would always pay for the meals of everyone. People in this firm loved the hiring of new employees. The behavior of everyone at work was internally quietly monitored by the employees for social positioning considerations. It was important for an employee to know who is who and which people can be trusted. Employees that attacked the work of others during the meeting or who kept too close a relationship with a supervisor or manager is someone who could not be trusted. The general perception of such an individual was that this person is willing to step over anyone to get ahead in the corporate world at any cost. This type of person would be ridiculed by the group on a personal level. Social interaction at work is a business variable that serves an important function. A staff that gets along and respects each other professionally are a unit that adds value to a company. The human capital of a corporation is an intangible asset that differentiates the pretender from the players in the business world. The experience I had in the financial firm showed me the value of building a work envi ronment in which the people of the company think of their colleagues as people they can trust and communicate in open fashion. When the lines of communication are open work-related problems can be solved faster. I hope my next job has an organizational culture similar to the one I had the privilege to work for in the financial services institution. Â   Â  

Critical analysis of an Artifact of popular culture Essay

Critical analysis of an Artifact of popular culture - Essay Example viewed, following with examination of two artifacts taken from it as well as identification of the audience for which it was intended; finally, the function of the meanings will be explored. The movie Nightcrawler presents a story which shows that some professionals are willing to sacrifice their ethical principles in order to keep the job. This largely contradicts with the conventional perception that â€Å"practical results often count more that do self improvement, ethics, or other principles† (Brummett 195). Speaking of the context of the movie, it would not be an exaggeration to point out that it largely employs different themes from the modern world when numerous people gained access to various electronic devices and the public is no longer interested in the news unless something extremely horrible is shown. Thus, the influence of technology should be viewed through the prism that it â€Å"is never composed of merely the electronic of mechanical but is also made up of the social uses of electronic or mechanical† (Brummett 295). In other words, the context for this text might be read as reactive since the plot of the movie is conditioned by the events that have already taken place and shaped the current state of affairs. There are several artifacts that should be analyzed in great detail. On the one hand, there is the camera which is constantly shown in the hands of the main character. Indeed, for the majority of people it is not able to convey any extraordinary message; however, in the context of the movie, as well as the kind of events that it becomes associated with, the ordinary camera becomes and important artifact. The next object on which the story also focuses is the radio that the main character bought. It is quite obvious that the acquisition of the two above mentioned objects was able to mark his â€Å"career† as a nightcrawler. While the camera and the radio are not usually associated together, they become and important tools that drive the

Indo-pak relations

Indo-pak relations CHAPTER VII INDO-PAK RELATIONS Background 1.Indo-Pakistan relations are grounded in the political, geographic, cultural, and economic links between the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The two countries share much of their common geographic location, and religious demographics yet diplomatic relations between the two are prefaced by numerous military conflicts and territorial disputes. However, attempts to improve relations have been made. 2.Since independence, Pakistan owes much of its identity to its distinctness from India. It has engaged in three sizable wars with India, plus several major border skirmishes. The struggle over Kashmir has contributed to most of these conflicts. Pakistan has sponsored decades of proxy paramilitary operations undertaken in the name of freedom fighting designed to right or take revenge for cumulative wrongs. It has developed amd deployed nuclear weapons whose sole strategic purpose relates to India. And it has used its relations with other countries, particularly Afghanistan and China to promote its anti India interests. Recently also its perceived participation in the US led war on terror has been cunningly exploited to continue the proxy war against India with perpetual immunity from worldwide criticism.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.Most of South Asia came under direct control of Great Britain in the late 18th century. The British rule over the Indian subcontinent lasted for almost 150 years. 95% of the people living in South Asia practiced either Hinduism or Islam. The Muslim League, headed by Jinnah, proposed the Two Nation Theory in the early 20th century. According to the theory, Muslims and others shared little in common, and British India should be divided into two separate countries, one for the Muslims and the other for the Hindu majority, which he feared would suppress the Muslim minority. The campaign gained momentum in early 1940s and by the end of World War II, British Indias partition was inevitable. The Partition of India in 1947 created two large countries independent from Britain: Pakistan as two wings in the East and West separated by India in the middle. After Independence, India and Pakistan had established diplomatic relations. Subsequent years were marked by bitter periodic conflict, and t he nations went to war four times. The war in 1971 ended in defeat and another partition of Pakistan. The eastern wing split off as a new country named Bangladesh, while the western wing continued as Pakistan. Stumbling Blocks 4.The Debris of partition of India in 1947 has clouded Indias relations with Pakistan. Pakistans tendency to assume the role of guardianship of Indian Muslims is one of the major irritants between India and Pakistan. Another matter which became source of irritant between two countries was the distribution of river waters. The divergent perception of both the countries on Indian Ocean as a zone of peace was yet another irritant including the sir creek issue. Pakistan threat perception, inspite of assurances by India, coupled with party syndrome gave shape to a proposal for Nuclear Weapon free zone in South-Asia (N.W.F.Z.S.A.); for it is believed that internal security will give the external powers an opportunity and justification to futher enhance their presence and prestige in the Indian Ocean region. So this perception of Pakistan and India on the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace led to differences in their strategic perception. 5.Another major issue which emerged between the two countries was the question of political status of the three princely states Junagarh, Hyderabad and Kashmir. But the most important issue which has marred the relations between the two countries has indeed been Kashmir. The dispute over Siachin glacier is an offshoot of the same problem. 6.Alleged interference in each others internal affairs is an irritant in Indo-Pak relations which has raised its head very seriously in the recent years. India considers Pakistan responsible for fomenting terrorism in Punjab and Kashmir. 7.Pakistan has always viewed Afghanistan through the prism of antagonistic relationship with India, attempting to use Afghanistan as its defence in depth and cultivating its Mujahedeen as paramilitary reservists against possible Indian threats. Subsequent to the fall of Taliban in Afghanistan, Indian humanitarian aid and development activity in the war ravaged country appeared to Pakistan as a threat to its support in Afghanistan and that inimical interests will have free reign in the country. Pakistan has viewed this activity with dismay, its fear of encirclement compounded by Indias establishment of a new airbase at Farkhor in Tajikistan. Current Challenges 8.A year after the Mumbai attack, two questions have persisted: was the ISI or any other state element of Pakistan an accomplice in the attacks? If ISI which had nurtured LeT to wage a proxy war against India, has cut itself from the group as claimed and was not involved in the attack, what stops Pakistan from effectively cracking on it? 9.In weeks after the attacks, the Pakistan government, under immense international pressure and scrutiny, took several steps. A raid on Lashkar camp at Muzaffarabad led to the arrest of Commander Zuikur Rehman Lakhvi. This is possibly also where Abdul Wajid, whose alias has been shown as Zarar Shah, was picked up. Both are alleged master minds of the attack. Next it placed Hafiz Saeed, LeT founder and leader of its front organization, Jammat ud Dawa (JuD), under house arrest. 10.Some other corners of establishment may still hold the view that the LeT can be viewed as a strategic asset. The Pakistani governments reluctance to go all the way against LeT is too obvious. After six months of house arrest, Hafiz Saeed is a free man, and the government says it cannot act against him unless New Delhi provides concrete evidence linking him to Mumbai attacks. All other JuD activists have been released. The organization has not yet been banned and now operates under the name of Fallah-i- Insaniyat and was noticed in relief operations among the internally displaced in the Swat valley during the military operations there. 11.As the arrest of David Headley and Tahawwur Hussain Rana in the US has shown, the LeT also retains operational capabilities. The two men are said to have been in communication with the LeT, and though they were arrested for an alleged terror plot against the Danish newspaper, they were also said to be planning attacks on National Defence College at New Delhi. Latest probes in Mumbai have revealed their definite links with the Mumbai terror attacks and many such incidents across India in the past. Further arrest of a Pakistan army Major for his links with Headley and Rana are bound to raise questions on LeTs continuing links with the military as an institution, but with the sections within it, especially because the Major retired only two years ago. 12.Home Minister Chidamarams words point us in the direction of just why these issues need to be taken seriously: another major terrorist attack on India could have consequences that would destabilise both the countries and could conceivably precipitate a regional crisis. In both Islamabad and New Delhi Mr. Chidambarams speech was interpreted as warning that India would respond to future mass casualty attack by targeting jihadist bases and logistical facilities in Pakistan. That, in turn could snowball into a conflict that would bring misery to all the people of South Asia. 13.It is now accepted within the Pakistan Military that Al Qaeda, Taliban and their allies among Punjabi jihadis operate as a syndicate. But while they have included the Jaish-e-Mohammed, along with Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and the Sipah-e-Sahaba, in the syndicate, the LeT is still not considered part of it. 14.The threat to Indias security from Islamic fundamentalism and globalization of terror is immense. It is feared in some quarters that Pakistan is sending fundamentalist groups to Bangladesh as well. The Dhaka based extremist Islamic group, Harkatul-Jehad- Al-Islam (HJAI), is believed to be financed by Osama Bin Laden. The evidence suggests that ISI and Taliban are involved with Harkatul operations in Bangladesh. 15.On the other hand Pakistans Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi  Ã‚   says Pakistan is compiling hard evidence of Indias involvement in terrorist attacks on Pakistans public and its armed forces 16.The Indian External affairs minister Mr SM Krishna assured of the fact that India has clean hands with respect to Baluchistan and Afghanistan. He also mentioned that Islamabads suspicion s of Indias ulterior motives in Afghanistan were unfounded. The only motive is to restore peace and stability in the war-torn country 17.During the period of excessive tension, India and Pakistan have growled at each other while meaningfully pointing towards their respective nuclear arsenal. Most recently following the Mumbai massacre, Pakistani troops were moved out of NWFP towards the eastern border. Baitullah Mehsuds offer to jointly fight India was welcomed by the Pakistani army. 18.India should derive no satisfaction from Pakistans predicament. Although religious extremists see ordinary Muslims as Munafiqs (hypocrites) and therefore free to be blown up in markets and mosques they hate Hindus even more. In their calculus, hurting India would buy even more tickets for heaven than hurting Pakistan. They dream about ripping apart both societies or starting a war preferably nuclear between Pakistan and India. 19.A common threat needs a common defence. But this is difficult unless Pakistan India conflict is reduced in intensity. In fact the extremist groups that threaten both countries today are an unintended consequence of Pakistans frustration at Indias obduracy in Kashmir.

Multilateral Responses to E-Commerce :: essays research papers

The Issues to contents list The advent of the new economy has already produced a sizable body of literature. This paper does not attempt to discuss all the issues involved in the new economy, but aims to extract the implications for the international regulatory framework and to provide guidelines for necessary changes. It will thereby focus on the establishment of standards, on policy co-ordination and on taxation. The new economy is sometimes seen as the herald for a truly borderless world. However, since the internet requires substantial prerequisites concerning technical infrastructure and human capital, some worry that the developing countries will be left behind. The paper addresses this fear of a growing "technological apartheid" between the industrialized and the developing countries and looks at policies to overcome the digital divide. The structure of the paper is as follows: The paper first clarifies the various catchwords of the new economy, examines the rapid growth of e–commerce and looks at the digital divide between countries. It then discusses the necessary modifications for the multilateral framework concerning the establishment of standards, the need as well as the scope for policy coordination, taxation and the overall treatment of e-commerce. Finally, the paper looks at strategies to tackle the digital gap between countries. 1.1 Catchwords and Concepts for the New Economyto contents list Various catchwords have been coined to capture the essence of the economy- wide consequences resulting from an increased use of processed digital information and from the application of the internet for a wide array of services (software programming, webpage maintenance, ticket and hotel reservations, on-line information and support, ordering facilities, publishing, indexing or abstracting etc.) as well as transactions (delivering music, movies, documents, literature or software in digital form).(1) The following catchwords aim at different characteristics of this phenomenon but are frequently used as synonyms: "digital economy", "information economy", "knowledge-based economy", "weightless economy", "virtual economy", "internet economy", "electronic commerce", "e-commerce", "e-conomy", or maybe more capacious "new economy". Some authors have tried to assign distinguishing concepts to this variety. For example, Kling and Lamb (2000) suggest to use the term "information economy" to include all informational goods and services like publishing, research, legal and insurance services, entertaining, and teaching in all of its forms, and the term "digital economy" to address (only) the goods and services whose development, production, sale, or provision is critically dependent upon digital technologies. Furthermore, the term "new economy" is associated for them to possible consequences of the information economy and the digital economy, namely high growth, low inflation, and low unemployment.

Mice and Men Belonging Extract Essay

The idea of belonging in the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck, relates to the theory of ‘attachment’ in psychology. For most human beings, having a central place they can return to, ideally with loved ones or supportive friends present also, contributes towards their feelings of calm, relaxation and security. Such a place would ideally be one which provides safety,shelter,food, warmth, affection and earning capacity. Not all those elements are always present – sometimes it is enough to live in an RV or trailer park, as long as family or the other things are present. Some nomadic people are happy to pack up and take most things with them – as long as they have support they are happy. However, George and Lennie only have each other and sometimes that’s even a liability – whatever ‘attachments’ they had in youth are gone and that leaves them adrift in a hostile, unpredictable world. That is why they yearn for ‘centredness’ or the security of a place of their own. The answer to this question lies in the character named Candy in â€Å"Of Mice and Men. An old, disabled ranch hand who is unable to stop the killing of his old friend and dog, Candy realizes that he soon will outlive his usefulness and, perhaps, go the way of his old dog. But, when he hears of Lennie and George’s dream of owning a ranch and a house, he is sweetly hopeful, offering his savings to the men. For, with part ownership, he would not fear isolation and poverty, or abandonment. From owning land, too, there is a sense of pride. The itinerant men of the Great Depression belong nowhere, they had nothing and lived in fear of losing a job, for they could not survive without any money. There is a constant stress put on these men who must few the next man as a threat to his job or security. But, if one has a place of his own, he must answer to no one else. In the early part of the novel, George explains the position of these men in the world: ‘Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don’t belong no place, They come to a ranch an’ work up a stake and then they go into town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know they’re pounding their tail so some other ranch. They ain’t got nothing to look ahead to. ‘ I would think that one of the most powerful lessons of Steinbeck’s work is the idea that individuals have to possess a sense of belonging. Part of this is definitely physical. When individuals have to wander from life to life, different form of physicality to different form of physicality, their ability to better understand themselves and others becomes impacted. There has to be some notion of grounding at some point and level where individuals can feel comfortable enough to call it â€Å"home† or know that this is where I belong. Despite lacking this, Lenny and George do a fairly good job of providing the belonging to one another. Certainly, Lenny sees George as essential to his conception of belonging. Yet, George does envision Lenny as a part of his own conception of belonging, a vision that appears in George’s dreams and whose faintest touch can be felt in the relationship they both share.

My Career Essays

My Career Essays My Career Essay My Career Essay Currently, this is the path open to me. I Am currently a Care Assistant for which I needed no formal qualifications to be, however, an NVQ level 2 or the equivalent of would mean I am entitled to a higher rate of pay.The next step is the Senior Carer, In order to apply you must have, or be in the process of studying for, your NVQ level 3 or equivalent thereof. The Staff Handbook and Greensleeves website has this information. After the Senior Carer, the company has at times, employed a Senior Supervisor. The qualifications needed for this are the same as the Senior Carer but is for those people who are trying to make a career in the care industry and are given a more office bask role than a Senior would have.It is not always a position that is in use, the Home manager has the option to recruit someone for this role. They would be expected to take an active part in the training of staff and help out with the managing of the home on a much higher level than the Seniors do. * At the moment, the next step is to get your NVQ Level 5 (or equivalent) and apply for the position of * Deputy Manager, at the moment there is one deputy but soon, with the expansion of our home there will be a second Deputy to assist the manager.With the expansion comes the possibility that we will become a nursing home and should that arise, the home manager has advised me that the Company may consider putting members of staff through Nursing College to get their RGN status and their PIN. Should this happen then that would be an option and should I go that way it may open up another whole avenue of potential but for now, I include only for the purpose of a complete picture. * * Finally the last spot I have on my path is the Registered Home Manager.This position is generally given to those who have a a Level 5 (at least) and several years experience within the Care Industry. I hope one day to reach this level but it’s a long way off and I may change my career plans later on to maybe branch off to do training or Nursing so I included it on my path but the future is always in motion and I have not looked into this too much but the Home Manager is more than happy to discuss the requirements when and if I ask him.

The History of the Supercontinent Pangea

The History of the Supercontinent Pangea Pangea, also spelled Pangaea, was a supercontinent that existed on the Earth millions of years ago and covered about one-third of its surface. A supercontinent is a very large landmass that is made up of more than one continent. In the case of Pangea, nearly all of the Earths continents were connected into one large landmass. It is believed that Pangea began forming about 300 million years ago, was fully together by 270 million years ago and began to separate around 200 million years ago. The name Pangea is ancient Greek and means all lands. The term began being used in the early 20th century after Alfred Wegener noticed that the Earths continents looked like they fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. He later developed his theory of continental drift to explain why the continents looked the way they did and first used the term Pangea at a symposium in 1927 focused on that topic. Formation of Pangea Due to mantle convection within the Earths surface, new material constantly comes up between the Earths tectonic plates at rift zones, causing them to move away from the rift and toward one another at the ends. In the case of Pangea, the Earths continents were eventually moved so much over millions of years that they combined into one large supercontinent. Around 300 million years ago the northwestern part of the ancient continent of Gondwana (near the South Pole), collided with the southern part of the Euramerican continent to form one very large continent. Eventually, the Angaran continent, located near the North Pole, began to move south and it collided with the northern part of the Euramerican continent to form the large supercontinent, Pangea, by about 270 million years ago. It should be noted however that there was another separate landmass, Cathaysia, which was made up of north and south China that was not a part of the larger Pangea landmass. Once it was completely formed, Pangea covered around one-third of the Earths surface and it was surrounded by an ocean that covered the rest of the globe. This ocean was called Panthalassa. Break-Up of Pangea Pangea began to break up about 200 million years ago as a result of the movement of the Earths tectonic plates and mantle convection. Just as Pangea was formed by being pushed together due to the movement of the Earths plates away at rift zones, a rift of new material caused it to separate. Scientists believe that the new rift began due to a weakness in the Earths crust. At that weak area, magma began to push through and create a volcanic rift zone. Eventually, the rift zone grew so large that it formed a basin and Pangea began to separate. In the areas where Pangea began to separate, new oceans formed as Panthalassa rushed into the newly opened areas. The first new oceans to form were the central and southern Atlantic. About 180 million years ago the central Atlantic Ocean opened up between North America and northwestern Africa. Around 140 million years ago the South Atlantic Ocean formed when what is today South America separated from the west coast of southern Africa. The Indian Ocean was the next to form when India separated from Antarctica and Australia and about 80 million years ago North America and Europe separated, Australia and Antarctica separated and India and Madagascar separated. Over millions more years, the continents gradually moved to their current positions. Evidence for Pangea As Alfred Wegener noticed in the early 20th century, the Earths continents seem to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle in many areas around the globe. This is the significant evidence for the existence of Pangea millions of years ago. The most prominent place where this is visible is the northwestern coast of Africa and the eastern coast of South America. In that location, the two continents look like they were once connected, which they, in fact, were during Pangea. Other evidence for Pangea includes fossil distribution, distinctive patterns in rock strata in now unconnected parts of the world and the distribution of the worlds coal. In terms of fossil distribution, archaeologists have found matching fossil remains if ancient species in continents are separated by thousands of miles of ocean today. For example, matching reptile fossils have been found in Africa and South America indicating that these species at one time lived very close to each other as it is not possible to them to have crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Patterns in rock strata are another indicator of the existence of Pangea. Geologists have discovered distinctive patterns in rocks in continents that are now thousands of miles apart. By having matching patterns it indicates that the two continents and their rocks were at one time one continent. Finally, the worlds coal distribution is evidence for Pangea. Coal normally forms in warm, wet climates. However, geologists have found coal under Antarcticas very cold and dry ice caps. If Antarctica were a part of Pangea it is likely that it would have been in another location on the Earth and the climate when the coal formed would have been very different than it is today. Many Ancient Supercontinents Based on the evidence scientists have found in plate tectonics, it is likely that Pangea was not the only supercontinent to exist on the Earth. In fact, archaeological data found in matching rock types and searching for fossils shows that the formation and break-up of supercontinents like Pangea are a cycle throughout the Earths history (Lovett, 2008). Gondwana and Rodinia are two supercontinents that scientists have discovered that existed prior to Pangea. Scientists also predict that the cycle of supercontinents will continue. Currently, the worlds continents are moving away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge toward the middle of the Pacific Ocean where they will eventually collide with one another in about 80 million years (Lovett, 2008). To see a diagram of Pangea and how it separated, visit the United States Geological Surveys Historical Perspective page within This Dynamic Earth.

Applying time series methodologies simulation Essay

Applying time series methodologies simulation - Essay Example Its worth investing because the results are tangible and positive. A decrease in advertising budget has resulted to reduced sales. With investing 164 million USD in advertising, the company generated 2,454.41 million USD. Putting 140 million dollars for advertising resulted to 2,264.85. This is a significant decrease in revenue or sales generation. Average investments in advertising would bring an average accumulation of sales. Blue Inc in the last three advertisement budget has ranged between 148 million USD to 164 million USD. This means that the level of sales would remain at the same level if there would be no or little increase in advertising budgets. A decrease in advertising budget from 164 million USD to 140 million USD resulted to a decrease in revenue generation from 2,454.41 million US dollars to 2,264.85 million dollars. Therefore (164-140) = (2454.41-2264.85) The above is significant for it means that if the competitors were to put massive investments in advertising, they would surpass the sales of Blue Inc. The current trend in advertisement investment is a threat, and the company should consider adding the amount set aside for advertisement. At current rate of allocation of advertising resources, the company would significantly lose in retail coverage. Decreased levels of advertising would mean that few people would be reached by the message. The competitors would be capitalizing on this, and therefore, if the company is to avoid losing its competitive niche, it has to consider increasing levels of

Models of Communication. Communication in Organisation Essay

Models of Communication. Communication in Organisation - Essay Example It is clear enough in conventional usage, but obscure when we seek to determine the limits of its application. To illustrate, if someone talks to another and common understanding results (indicated by mutually satisfactory action), we have no qualms about saying that communication has occurred. If, however, misunderstanding results (indicated by mutually unsatisfactory action), we are uncertain whether we should say that there has been poor, or no, communication. (David, Kenneth,1970:15). Definitions of "communication" fall into two broad categories. In one category are those definitions which limit the process of communication to those stimulus-response situations in which one deliberately transmits stimuli to evoke response. In the other category are those definitions that include within the area of communication stimulus-response situations in which there need not be any intention of evoking response in the transmission of the stimuli. The second category obviously overlaps the first. (David, Kenneth,1970:16) Mathematical Model of Communication: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver published a model; the model uses boxes and arrows to represent the communication process. However, the model is little bit complex. Box-and-arrow models of communication: This model breaks the communication strea... However, the model is little bit complex. Box-and-arrow models of communication: This model breaks the communication stream into components i.e. sender, message, and receiver and the direction of influence. In the diagram below arrows go from left to right, that is, from a sender to a receiver, the idea is that it is the sender who, through messages or speeches, brings about communication influences on the receiver. Group Communication Model: This model emphasizes on communication within an organisation i.e. the flow of messages between two individuals or within a group of people. The figure below describes the layout of the model where each circle is a person. (Models of Communication,2006) Post office model of Communication: The usually unarticulated theory of communication in Western culture focused on an alleged "transfer" of meaning from one mind to another by means of some medium. Communication is erroneously thought to be accomplished by wrapping an idea in words and sending it off to the other person, who unwraps the words and discovers the idea. (Barnett,1989:19) Schemata Model of Intercultural Communication: Generally communication requires the transmission of information from sender to receiver. Commonly, person A encodes an idea and sends it to person B who decodes it. The codes are culturally based, as is the semantic content (the meanings in each communicator's mind). When communicators come from different cultures, person A may take person B's culture into account, and encode with certain characteristics of B's codes and meanings in mind. Similarly, when decoding the message communicator B may take into account certain characteristics of person A's communication codes and semantic categories. What communicator A